Breath testing indirectly measures GE, as GE is the rate-limiting step in the processing and excretion of 13C-octanoic acid. Other indirect tests of GE include breath testing and acetaminophen absorption. Ultrasound is operator-dependant, requires geometric assumptions, and generally measures only liquid emptying.
After radiolabeling the solid or liquid component of a meal, the gastric counts measured by scintigraphy correlate directly with the volume of the meal remaining without the need for geometric assumptions about the shape of the stomach. Since then, it has become the standard for the measurement of gastric motility in clinical practice, because it provides a physiologic, noninvasive, and quantitative measurement of GE ( 3). The first use of radionuclides to measure GE was published in 1966 ( 2). Gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES) is commonly performed to evaluate patients with symptoms that suggest an alteration of gastric emptying (GE) and/or motility ( 1).
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